The human brain is an amazing thing. It controls our every thought, movement, and emotion. And researchers are now finding ways to tap into its power using a technology called a brain-computer interface (BCI). BCIs allow people to communicate with computers and other devices using their thoughts alone.
Related:
How Brain-Computer Interface Works
A BCI works by collecting brain signals, analyzing them, and converting them into readable commands that are then relayed to an output system to perform the desired action.
Noninvasive BCI
Pros
- Low risk: Non-invasive BCIs are much safer than invasive BCIs. They do not require surgery or the implantation of any devices inside the brain.
- Accessibility: Non-invasive BCIs are much more accessible than invasive BCIs. They can be used in a variety of settings, including hospitals, research labs, and even at home.
- Cost: Non-invasive BCIs are much less expensive than invasive BCIs. The cost of the equipment is much lower, and there is no need for expensive surgery or ongoing maintenance.
Cons
- Limited accuracy: Non-invasive BCIs have a lower signal-to-noise ratio than invasive BCIs, which means that they record less precise brain signals. This can limit the accuracy of the external device being controlled.
- Limited functionality: Non-invasive BCIs currently have a more limited range of functionality than invasive BCIs. They are typically used for simple tasks, such as detecting brain signals, measuring focus, or even moving some basic stuff.
- Limited lifespan: Non-invasive BCIs have a limited lifespan, typically lasting only a few years before needing to be replaced.
Invasive BCI
Pros
- Greater accuracy: Invasive BCIs have a higher signal-to-noise ratio and can record more precise brain signals than non-invasive BCIs. This allows for more accurate control of external devices, such as prosthetic limbs or computers.
- Long-term stability: Invasive BCIs have a longer lifespan than non-invasive BCIs. Once implanted, they can function for many years without needing to be removed or replaced.
- Potential for greater functionality: Invasive BCIs have the potential to enable more advanced functionality, such as the ability to record and stimulate brain activity simultaneously.
Cons
- Invasive surgery: Implanting electrodes or other devices inside the brain is a risky and invasive procedure that carries the risk of infection, bleeding, and other complications.
- Cost: Invasive BCIs are much more expensive than non-invasive BCIs. The cost of the surgery, the implants, and the ongoing maintenance can be prohibitive for many patients.
- Ethical concerns: Invasive BCIs raise ethical concerns about the use of such technology and the potential for misuse, but that is not unique to this technology specifically; misuse can happen to anything, and the solution will not come from this technology site but rather from the way society tries to solve the problem, as this stems from the bases of the human mind and its environment.
Why Brain-Computer Interface is Important
BCI can be a game-changer for humanity because BCI has so much potential. A person with a disability can use technology with little to no effort and learning can very easy. People who don’t have limbs can use prosthetic limbs with the brain like we usually do with our natural limbs.
And BCI can allow us to become digitally immortal by uploading our consciousness to a computer or a robot.
